tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76601871962967664812024-02-20T18:23:07.658-08:00Entalpía y EntropíaEn este blog explicaremos cada termino que es necesario para entender de forma clara el tema de la entalpía y entropía.termodinamicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466154733598337811noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7660187196296766481.post-63184250229028131282010-04-30T10:12:00.000-07:002010-04-30T10:42:36.386-07:00Entropía<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >El concepto de “entropía” es equivalente al de “desorden”. Así, cuando decimos que aumentó la entropía en un sistema, significa que creció el desorden en ese sistema. Y a la inversa: si en un sistema disminuyó la entropía, significa que disminuyó su desorden.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >La medida de la entropía permite establecer el “orden” que posee un sistema en determinada instancia, respecto al que poseía o pudo haber poseído en otra. 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5"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <u4:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </u4:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><span style=";font-family:";" >La entropía también es una magnitud que mide la parte de la energía que NO puede utilizarse para realizar un TRABAJO<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >El grado de DESORDEN que poseen las moléculas de un cuerpo<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >S=Si-Sf<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >Donde <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >S= Entopía<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >Si= Entropia Inicial<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >Sf= Entropia Final<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >Por lo que la entropía es el cambio de condiciones de un sistema<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";" >La entropía es un proceso irreversible: <b><i>No implica que el sistema no pueda volver a su estado inicial, solo que no es posible volver por el mismo camino.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p 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locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <u7:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </u7:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><span style=";font-family:";" >D(ln<i>P)=b ·q</i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:";" >o expresando en términos de la temperatura <i>T</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:";" >A (k ln P) = q / T<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:";" ><u8:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><u8:stroke joinstyle="miter"><u8:formulas><u8:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"><u8:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"><u8:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"><u8:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"><u8:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"><u8:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"><u8:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"><u8:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"><u8:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"><u8:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"><u8:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"><u8:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></u8:f><u8:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"><u1:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></u1:lock><u8:shape id="Imagen_x0020_7" spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/estadistica/boltzmann/formula/Image1654.gif" style="width: 64.5pt; height: 30.75pt; visibility: visible;"><u8:imagedata src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CA01150%7E1%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image001.gif" title="Image1654"></u8:imagedata><br /><u1:p></u1:p>Tenemos una relación entre una cantidad microscópica (el número de microestados <i>P</i>) y dos cantidades macroscópicas: la energía transferida <i>q</i> y la temperatura <i>T</i>. La parte derecha de la igualdad es la definición termodinámica de variación de entropía D<i>S</i>.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></u8:shape></u8:path></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:f></u8:formulas></u8:stroke></u8:shapetype></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=";font-family:";" >Llegamos así a la definición de entropía en términos del número de micoroestados <i>P</i> asociados con un macroestado dado del sistema<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">S= k ln P<br /><span style=";font-family:";" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> A continuación se muestra un video en el cual se analiza en concepto de entropía, cuestionando la idea de los creacionistas y también se observa claramente como funciona la entropía con el caso de un cubo de hielo en un vaso con agua a temperatura ambiente.<br /><br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/deD1snymrtc&hl=es_ES&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/deD1snymrtc&hl=es_ES&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object>termodinamicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466154733598337811noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7660187196296766481.post-75835164237844299872010-04-30T09:49:00.000-07:002010-04-30T10:03:11.632-07:00EntalpíaLa cantidad de energía que un sistema puede intercambiar con su entorno.<br />Su variación expresa una medida de la cantidad absorbida o cedida por un sistema termodinámico. Usualmente se mide en Joules.<br /><br />La entalpía se define mediante la siguiente fórmula:<br /><br />H=U+pV<br /><br />U= Energía interna<br />p= Presión del sistema<br />V= Volumen del sistema<br /><br />La variacion de la entalpía expresa una cantidad de energía absorbida o cedida por un sistema termodinamico.<br /><br />A continuación veremos en el video un ejemplo de como calcular la entalpía de una reacción.<br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/X-xnHeE71Kc&hl=es_ES&fs=1&"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/X-xnHeE71Kc&hl=es_ES&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object>termodinamicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466154733598337811noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7660187196296766481.post-50598975173310166362010-04-29T19:40:00.000-07:002010-04-29T19:56:46.305-07:00Calor:Es la transferencia de energía a través de la frontera de un sistema debida a una diferencia de temperatura entre el sistema y sus alrededores.termodinamicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466154733598337811noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7660187196296766481.post-45452450571740163022010-04-29T18:44:00.000-07:002010-04-30T16:52:22.514-07:00Energía interna:Es toda la energía de un sistema que se asocia con sus componentes microscópicicos, atomos y moleculas, cuando se ve desde un marco de referencia en reposo respecto del centro de masa del sistema<br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CXaO-u4XEW8&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CXaO-u4XEW8&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object>termodinamicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466154733598337811noreply@blogger.com20